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Zinc (Zn), which is a component of many important enzymes, is one of the trace elements required by humans and other mammals. The total amount in the human body lies between 1.4 and 2.3 g [14], of which 95% to 98% is complexed to proteins [12, 14]. The biological availability seems to depend on the nature of the binding to the protein. Zinc deficiency leads to a reduction in DNA and RNA synthesis [1], so that the synthesis of amino acids and proteins is also zinc dependent. Hypoalbuminemias caused by zinc deficiency lead to dwarfism [9]. A decrease in the content of albumin and zinc in the maternal blood was observed in EPH gestosis [3]. Zinc is also important for the antibacterial activity of the amniotic fluid (AF). It was shown that two components, namely zinc and a short-chain protein, are responsible for the bacteriostatic properties of amniotic fluid [15, 16]. The levels of zinc in serum have been measured by many groups, of which only a few can be mentioned here [3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 20, 21]. The normal ränge lies about l Mg Zn/ml serum. In contrast, the few published values for the zinc content of amniotic fluid are inexact [10,15]. The pathological conditions caused in humans by changes in the zinc balance can be divided into four groups. The first comprises genetically caused disturbances, including acrodermatitis enteropathica and familial hyperzincemia. The second group is caused by nutritional deficiency. In Egypt and Iran, small stature due to zinc deficiency was observed among population groups whose diet is one-sided in favor of too much white bread. One of the causative factors is the large amounts of phytic acids ingested, which form complexes with zinc salts and interfere with resorption through the intestinal wall [5]. In these countries, the incidence of neurological damage among infants is very high [17]. It is also known that the maternal serum zinc levels drop sharply, which indicates an increased zinc requirement. Experiments with animals on zinc-deficient diets have shown that they regularly abort or produce seriously deformed fetuses and newborns. The birth process is delayed. The third group consists of medication-induced disturbances. Diuretics or drugs inducing tissue degradation lower the serum zinc level. The same applies to the effects of corticoids [2]. Zinc metabolism is also affected by other elements, like calcium, cadmium and copper [18]. Disease-induced conditions make up the fourth group. It includes besides the EPH gestosis and acrodermatitis enteropathica already mentioned, bronchial carcinoma, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and diabetes mellitus [14].

journal of perinatal medicine

The relevance of zinc determination in amniotic fluid 1st Communication: Development of the technique and comparative determination of zinc and protein