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Clinical, biochemical and genetic analysis related to bone mineral density (BMD) were carried out in children born small for gestational age (SGA) that failed to achieve postnatal catch-up growth (CUG), SGA children that completed CUG and adequate for gestational age (AGA) children. Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein-3 and acid-labile subunit were lower in the SGA–CUG children as compared with the other groups. Frequencies of polymorphic variants of vitamin D receptor, estrogen receptor and collagen genes were similar among groups. The genotype 194–192 of the  IGF-I  gene was higher in the SGA–CUG and 196–192 was higher in the SGA+CUG group. In the SGA–CUG group, the genotype SS of the  COLIA1  gene was associated with lower BMD. Therefore, IGF system and  COLIA1  polymorphism distinguish prepubertal SGA–CUG children from the SGA+CUG children of the same age. Furthermore,  COLIA1  polymorphism could be useful to predict osteopenia in SGA–CUG children.

Comparative analysis of clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects associated with bone mineral density in small for gestational age children