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Improving the final adult height is one of the most important aims for treatment of central precocious puberty. Stanozolol (ST) is a synthetic derivative of androgen. In this study, we investigated the effects and the mechanisms of ST on the proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes isolated from adolescent rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa). Treatment with ST resulted in time- and concentration-dependent effects on proliferation as determined by MTT and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assays. Western blotting showed that ST increased the phosphorylation level of the estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not the androgen receptor (AR). Pharmacological inhibition of ERα and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) attenuated the effects of ST on the proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes. A molecular dynamics simulation showed hydrophobic interactions between ST and ERα. These results suggested that ERα, but not AR, partially mediates the ST-driven proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes, and that multiple pathways may be involved in the mechanism of action of ST.

Stanozolol regulates proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes via activation of ERα in GnRHa-treated adolescent rats