English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Antibody synthesis follows interactions between the T cell receptor (TCR) on activated T lymphocytes and the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) present on APC cells, resulting in lymphocyte proliferation, as well as cytokine synthesis and release. The involvement of costimulatory markers OX40/4-1BB/4-1BBL leads to the enhancement of signals which are necessary for lymphocyte activation in addition to the antigen-specific signal and may prevent anergy. The aim of this study was to estimate the expression of OX40 and 4-1BB molecules on peripheral blood cells in patients with Graves' disease (GD) (n = 35, mean age 16.5 +/- 6.1 years) and non-toxic nodular goiter (NTNG) (n = 35, mean age 16.2 +/- 4.7 years), in comparison with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (n = 35, mean age 16.2 +/- 2.1 years). Expression of the costimulatory molecules on mononuclear cells was analyzed by three-color flow cytometry using a Coulter EPICS XL cytometer. Stimulating and blocking antibodies to the TSH-receptor using JPO9 CHO cells in unfractionated serum were measured by a highly sensitive commercial radioimmunoassay. The analysis of OX40/4-1BB expression in patients with newly recognized Graves' disease revealed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD134+ T cells (7% vs 1.4%, p &lt;0.001) and CD137+ T cells (3.2% vs 0.8%, p &lt;0.04) compared to the control group. After 2-6 months of methimazole therapy, the percentage of these cells in the peripheral blood of hyperthyroid patients returned to normal values. In addition, the expression of 4-1BBL (CD137L) was detected only on the surface of active monocytes in patients with untreated GD (3.8%), while in the group with nodular goiter and controls the values were trace (0.6% and 0.2%, respectively). We conclude that the changes of expression of costimulatory molecules on the surface of peripheral blood T cells and their significant relationship with the level of antithyroid antibodies indicate an involvement of these molecules in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. A marked increase in the percentage of CD134/ CD137+ T cells at disease onset may indicate the need for more aggressive therapy in Graves' disease and for a greater duration than the standard 3-year period.

journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism

Analysis of Costimulatory Molecules OX40/4-1BB (CD134/CD137) Detection on Chosen Mononuclear Cells in Children and Adolescents with Graves' Disease During Methimazole Therapy