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Objectives Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs are the treatment of choice for central precocious puberty (CPP). This study characterizes patients treated with histrelin implant or leuprolide injection. Methods A US claims database was used to identify patients aged ≤20 years with ≥1 histrelin or leuprolide claim (index treatment) between April 2010 and November 2017 and continuous enrollment ≥3 months before and ≥12 months after the index treatment date. Results Overall, 4,217 patients (histrelin, n=1,001; leuprolide, n=3,216) were identified. The percentage of patients with CPP diagnosis was greater in the histrelin (96.5%) vs. leuprolide (68.8%; p 50% of patients aged 6–9 years. Mean treatment duration was significantly longer for histrelin (26.7 ± 14.8 months) vs. leuprolide (14.1 ± 12.1 months; p&lt;0.0001), and was longer in younger patient groups. More patients switched from leuprolide to histrelin (12.3%) than vice versa (3.6%; p&lt;0.0001). Median annual total treatment costs were slightly lower for the histrelin cohort ($23,071 [interquartile range, $16,833–$31,050]) than the leuprolide cohort ($27,021 [interquartile range, $18,314–$34,995]; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions Patients with CPP treated with histrelin had a longer duration of treatment, lower rates of index treatment discontinuation, and lower annual treatment costs vs. those treated with leuprolide.

journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism

Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns with histrelin acetate subcutaneous implants vs. leuprolide injections in children with precocious puberty: a real-world study using a US claims database