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Background Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are known to physicians as the "great mimickers" because of their variable presentation, especially in the pediatric population. Rarely, they co-secrete other hormones. Case presentation An 11-year-old boy presented with severe hypertension (HTN) with cardiac target organ damage. Signs of genital and cutaneous androgenization were observed, but the gonadal volume was prepubertal (2 mL). Urine normetanephrine and norepinephrine levels were elevated. Increased beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and pubertal testosterone values with suppressed values of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) suggested an androgenization secondary to HCG hyperproduction. Imaging revealed a right adrenal mass, suggestive for PCC. Histopathology confirmed a PCC with positive staining for β-HCG. Postoperative resolution of symptoms of β-HCG and catecholamine excess and normalization of hormonal levels confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions Ectopic hormone secretion from PCC is possible, even if rare. Signs and symptoms attributable to ectopic hormones should be investigated in PCC patients. To date, this is the first case of a β-HCG-secreting PCC.

Severe arterial hypertension and hyperandrogenism in a boy: a rare case of catecholamine- and β-HCG-secreting pheochromocytoma