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When Paul Werth invented the concept of ‘text-worlds’ ( 1999 ), he drew on existing psychological accounts of how the mind processes stimuli, such as the idea of the ‘situation model’ ( van Dijk and Kintsch 1983 ). Yet despite the important advancements to Werth’s approach that have been made in stylistics over the years, situation-model research is rarely, if ever, referenced in what is now called Text World Theory ( Gavins 2007 ). In this article, I consult empirical research on situation models, consequently making two significant contributions: I show how empirical situation-model research bolsters the validity of Text World Theory; I propose a new concept for Text World Theory—‘world-retrieval’—to account for how readers trace the interconnections between text-worlds and attempt to resolve processing difficulties. An analysis of the opening to Ray  Loriga’s (2003)  novel  Tokyo Doesn’t Love Us Anymore  demonstrates the value of the ‘world-retrieval’ concept.

Text World Theory and situation-model research: enhancing validity and tracking world-retrievals