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In this study, the oxidation of methylene blue (MB) over iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ), which effectively activates persulfate anions (S 2 O 8  2− ) to form sulfate free radicals (SO 4  −• ), was explored. In addition, the effect of the initial pH, sodium persulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 , PS) concentration, and Fe3O4 content on the decolorization of MB was investigated. The results revealed that the decolorization rate increased when the persulfate concentration increased from 0.03 to 0.12 g/L and the Fe 3 O 4  content from 0.1 to 0.8 g/L. Therefore, the Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles enhanced the decolorization of MB. The catalyst was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEFM) spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The CV spectra indicated that a reversible redox reaction may explain the high catalytic activity of the catalyst. EEFM was used to evaluate the yield of a fresh Fe 3 O 4  catalyst, and two peaks were observed at EX/EM wavelengths of 230/300 nm and 270/300 nm. Furthermore, the structure and surface morphology of the catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The XRD result confirmed the existence of Fe 3 O 4  in the catalyst. ESEM was used to determine the Fe 3 O 4  particle size, indicating a high degree of nanoparticle dispersion.

Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization and Performance Exemplified by the Degradation of Methylene Blue in the Presence of Persulfate