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The application of UV photolysis (254 nm), UV/VUV photolysis (254/185 nm) and heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO 2 , 254 nm) for the decomposition of phenol has been investigated and compared. For the experiments, the same experimental apparatus, with the same energy consumption has been used. The experimental results suggest that, beside the direct photolysis, HO •  has important role in UV/VUV, while HO 2  •  /O 2  •-  in UV photolysis. In the presence of TiO 2  the direct UV photolysis is completely suppressed because of the competitive light absorption between TiO 2  particles and phenol. In UV or UV/VUV irradiated solutions, the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration decreases after the complete decomposition of phenol while, in the presence of TiO 2  TOC and phenol concentration are found to decrease in parallel. In all cases the same aromatic (1,2- and 1,4- dihydroxybenzene) and aliphatic intermediates (maleic, tartaric and oxalic acid) are formed, their formation and decomposition were also systematically investigated and compared.

Comparison of UV- and UV/VUV-Induced Photolytic and Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol, with Particular Emphasis on the Intermediates