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The TiO 2  photo-assisted degradations of a series of anionic (dodecylbenzenesulfonate, DBS; dodecylsulfonate, DoS) and cationic (hexadecyltrimethylammonium, HTAB; benzyldodecyldimethyl- ammonium BDDAB; and dodecylpyridinium, C 12 -PC) surfactants were examined in aqueous media along with their cationic/anionic 1:1 binary complexes: (i) HTAB/DBS, (ii) BDDAB/DoS and (iii) C 12 -PC/DoS. The processes were monitored by surface tension measurements, by total organic carbon (TOC) assays and carbon dioxide evolution. Some hydroxylated intermediates of the BDDAB system were identified by TOF-MS techniques. The degradation of the anionic surfactants was significant involving prior adsorption of the species on the positively charged metaloxide particle surface. By contrast, the degradation of the cationic surfactants was rather limited owing to lack of adsorption on the TiO 2  surface under the same conditions. The biodegradation of the DBS, HTAB, BDDAB and C 12 -PC surfactants was also examined using municipal sludge bacteria. Only the anionic DBS surfactant biodegraded to ca. 65% within 14 days of incubation; the others failed to biodegrade even after 28 days of incubation. An adsorption model is proposed for the binary complexes on the metal-oxide surface.

Metal-Oxide Photoassisted Degradation of Binary Systems of Cationic / Anionic Surfactants and their Components in Aqueous Dispersions