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Photocatalytic oxidation of ibuprofen, clofibric acid, diclofenac and naproxen were studied in near- UV illuminated (&gt; 300nm) aqueous TiO 2  suspensions with emphasis on reaction rates, intermediates and oxidation pathways. First order rate constants for 0.1 mM compounds are in the order NP &gt; IBN &gt; CFA &gt;DC over the range of 0.091 to 0.026 min -1 . The kinetics constants derived from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood preequilibrium absorption model have the same reactivity order. Two oxidation pathways were identified for these compounds: (1) low pH electron transfer from carboxyl group to the TiO 2  valence band hole giving ketone and alcohol from ibuprofen and naproxen and chlorophenol from clofibric acid; (2) HO● radical aromatic ring oxidation dominant at pH 5 and above for all compounds giving Cl ion from clofibric acid and diclofenac. Diclofenac oxidized only through HO● radical ring oxidation to form a phenol and quinone on one ring and Cl ion from the other ring.

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Pharmaceutical compounds: Kinetics and Pathways for Ibuprofen, Clofibric Acid, Diclofenac and Naproxen