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The rates and products of photooxidation of ibuprofen, clofibric acid, diclofenac and naproxen, pharmaceuticals emerging as contaminants in wastewater, were examined in UV-irradiated TiO 2  suspensions. Emphasis was on ibuprofen absorption on TiO 2  and its oxidation rate and pathways. Both absorption and oxidation of ibuprofen decreased with increasing pH above 3, consistent with preadsorption of ibuprofen on TiO 2  as an essential step in the oxidation process. Sec-butylacetophenone and sec-butylphenethyl alcohol were identified as products indicating that part of the oxidation proceeds via electron transfer from the carboxylate group to valence band holes on TiO 2 . Ring oxidation products were not found. Oxidation half lives of 0.1 mM naproxen, ibuprofen, clofibric acid, and diclofenac in 0.4% TiO 2  were 7, 14, 16 and 20 min, respectively; kinetics follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate laws.

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Emerging Contaminants: Kinetics and Pathways for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Pharmaceutical Compounds