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The software and hardware of Safety Critical Systems - SCS, which control special critical technology process or operation, are subject of enhanced requirements for reliability and inadmissibility of any incorrect controlling influences (safety) after failures. This paper suggests and investigates a hybrid computerbased fail-safe/fault-tolerance FST-structure with single reservation, which has the qualities to meet these requirements. The base system 2 ∨ 2, based on which it is built, is studied in the previous edition of Information Technjlogies and Control. For derivation of probabilistic models through which to establish the efficiency of the strutucral redundancy in a fault-tolerant structure, in this paper are used the published results. Formulas are derived for the probability of failure-free operation (availability coefficient), for safe failure and for unidentified (dangerous) failure. Models are found for calculation of the enhancement of reliability and the variation of safety relative to the base system 2 ∨ 2. Subject of analysis are type software and hardware modifications of the proposed general scheme used in the practice of different companies, which manufacture and operate SCSs. It is proven that at the expense of acceptable hardware redundancy and insignificant increase of dangerous failures the probability of interruption of the operation of the FST- system and its down-time due to failure may decrease by tenths of thousands of times.

Study of a Computer-Based Control System with Fault-Tolerant and Fail-Safe Behavior