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The principal objective of Muḥammad’s incessant warfare against Dūmat al-Jandal has proven to be remarkably resistant to conventional analysis. Part of the difficulty arises from the fact that these military campaigns ( maghāzī ) are largely treated in isolation. Framing the problem in terms of the economic realities of late antique Arabia, the present article challenges the prevailing scholarly view that Dūma fell in the prophet’s lifetime. To this end, the final and decisive expedition against Dūma is reconstructed. Through a thorough analysis, the tangled strands of maghāzī historiography are carefully unraveled to expose the strategy behind these northern campaigns.

Aswāq-cum-Maghāzī: Commerce and Conflict in Late Antique Arabia