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This article aims to show the limits of a dynastic approach to dealing with Iranian history during the sixth/twelfth century, when the Saljuq sultan in the West was only one of the actors on the chessboard, and not even the most powerful. It focuses on the events leading up to the great battle of Qara-Tegin near Hamadan in 542–1/1147. Various struggles passed over in the sources are highlighted through a macro-regional approach. The showdown at Qara-Tegin can be interpreted as the last confrontation between Azarbayjan and Fārs for control of the resources of the central Saljuq space. It ushered in the long-lasting pre-eminence of Azarbayjan, the withdrawal of Fārs and the eventual marginalization of the province of Jibāl/ʿIrāq al-ajamī.

1147: The Battle of Qara-Tegin and the Rise of Azarbayjan