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This review aims to clarify (1) what is a true mimic of superoxide dismutase family of enzymes, SOD; and (2) whether such compound could act as SOD mimic in a complex biological milieu. Several groups of compounds (metalloporphyrins, metallocorroles, Mn biliverdins, Mn cyclic polyamines, Mn salens, and metal oxides and salts) have been described. Their ability to catalyze the dismutation of O 2  ·– , [ k  cat (O 2  ·– )], thermodynamic property that supports high catalytic ability ( E  1/2 ), kinetic factors that facilitate the catalysis, and the stability of compounds, which assures the integrity of metal coordination sphere where reactions of interest occur have been discussed. The other possible  in vivo  actions of those compounds, such as peroxynitrite and hypochlorite reduction, peroxidase-like activity, thiol oxidase activity etc., have been described as well. Based on  in vivo  studies it appears that  k  cat (O 2  ·– ) for Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrins parallels their therapeutic ability. The reason for that lies in their electrophilic nature which favors reactions with nucleophilic (anionic) reactive species (O 2  ·– , ONOO – , ClO – , HO 2  – , CO 3  ·– ) and simple or protein thiolates. Their  in vivo  multiple rather than single modes of actions, would be determined by: (a) their redox properties; (b) localization at targeted cellular site; and (c) redox environment of diseased or mutated/cancer cell. Quality of any drug preparation and the knowledge of researchers on its properties are essential when its mechanistic aspects are explored.

The complex mechanistic aspects of redox-active compounds, commonly regarded as SOD mimics