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The study of multilingualism in Australia has always placed great emphasis on the investigation of the language-maintenance (henceforth LM) and languageshift (henceforth LS) patterns of immigrant communities. It has been regarded, right from the start, as an important area of research which contains information crucial to related issues such as language policy and biand multilingual education. Traditionally, sociology-of-language research in the Australian immigrant context has tended to assume an isomorphism of nation/state and ethnolinguistic group; for example, the language-use patterns of the Poles, the Dutch, the Italians, the Greeks were examined. Unfortunately, this concentration on the linguistic examination of 'national' groups has led to the ignoring of the fact that many nations/states encompass a diversity of ethnolinguistically distinct subgroups who may very well hold different attitudes toward LM and LS (for other evidence, see also papers by Kouzmin and Clyne in this issue). It is my intention in this paper to investigate the language-use patterns of two ethnolinguistic subgroups, the Limburgers (ethnic group: Dutch, state: The Netherlands) and the Swabians (ethnic group: German, state: West Germany), who as groups represent speech communities which are characterized by diglossia and are embedded in larger ethnic and speech communities (Dutch or German). I shall argue that the analysis of the language-use patterns of such groups may shed further light on the processes of LM and/or LS which may in turn affect practical language-policy matters as well as theoretical insights into the dynamics of language contact and change.

Diglossic communities in transition: the cases of the Limburgs and Swabian speech communities in Australia