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A brief account is provided of the main results of a study of the tunneling states of H trapped by substitutional (S) impurities in Nb, mainly consisting in anelasticity experiments. The phenomenology is rather complex when the concentration of S atoms is higher than a few parts per thousand, and various and contrasting interpretations are possible. The complication arises from the destruction of the symmetry of the S–H pair by the elastic interactions among the defects. The situation becomes, however, clear for an S content around 0.1 %, when the anelastic spectra reveal the relaxation processes due to the now nearly undistorted S–H complexes. In this case H delocalizes over four tetrahedral sites of a face of the cube containing the S atom, giving rise to a four-level tunnel system (FLS). The parameters of tunneling and coupling to phonons and electron excitations are similar to those found for the two-level system of H near an interstitial impurity, but new effects are found, due to the symmetry of the additional eigenstates of a centrosymmetric FLS.

Hydrogen four-level tunnel systems in substitutional body-centred cubic alloys