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\ud  Research\ud  has\ud  been\ud  paying\ud  increasing\ud  attention\ud  to\ud  the\ud  psychopathological\ud  problems\ud  and\ud  psychiatric\ud  disorders\ud  in\ud  intellectual  \uddisability\ud  (ID).\ud  Psychiatric\ud  problems\ud  are\ud  most\ud  often\ud  observed\ud  in\ud  individuals\ud  with\ud  mild\ud  to\ud  moderate\ud  ID\ud  and\ud  self\ud  destructive\ud  and\ud  autistic-\udtype\ud  behaviors\ud  are\ud  more\ud   frequent\ud   in\ud  individuals\ud  with\ud  severe\ud  ID.\ud  Moreover,\ud  persons\ud  living\ud  in\ud  institutions\ud  show\ud  a\ud  greater\ud  degree\ud  of  \udaggressiveness,\ud  as\ud  well\ud  as\ud  destructive\ud  and\ud  self-destructive\ud  behaviors.\ud  To\ud  test\ud  the\ud  psychopathological\ud  problems\ud  of\ud  individuals\ud  with  \uddifferent\ud levels\ud of\ud  ID,\ud either\ud  institutionalized\ud  or\ud  living\ud  with\ud their\ud  family,\ud  we\ud  asked\ud  the\ud  health\ud  and\ud  social\ud  care\ud  workers\ud  responsible\ud  for\ud the \uddaily\ud  care\ud  of\ud our\ud  participants\ud  to\ud  evaluate\ud  their\ud  psychopathological\ud  problems.\ud  Secondly,\ud  to\ud  check\ud  whether\ud  the\ud  dual\ud  diagnosis\ud  was\ud  a  clear  \udindicator\ud  of\ud  psychiatric\ud  suffering,\ud we\ud  made\ud  a  comparison\ud  between\ud  the\ud  evaluations\ud  of\ud psychopathological\ud  problems\ud  of\ud  a  sub-\ud  group\ud  with  \uddual\ud  diagnosis,\ud  the\ud  evaluations\ud  of\ud  a  sub-group\ud  without\ud  dual\ud  diagnosis,\ud  and\ud  those\ud  of\ud  a  group\ud  of\ud  psychiatric\ud  patients.\ud  Lastly,\ud  the\ud  daily  \udfunctioning\ud  abilities\ud  and\ud  social\ud  abilities\ud  of\ud  a  further\ud  subgroup\ud  were\ud  evaluated,\ud  and\ud  the\ud  predictive\ud  ability\ud  of\ud  these\ud  characteristics\ud  with  \udregard\ud  to\ud  psychopathological\ud  problems\ud  was\ud  verified.\ud  The\ud  results\ud  suggest\ud  that\ud  emotional\ud  problems\ud  were\ud  more\ud  pronounced\ud  in\ud  mild\ud  ID,  \udbehavior\ud  problems\ud  were\ud  more\ud  evident\ud  in\ud  severe\ud  ID,\ud  and\ud  individuals\ud  living\ud  in\ud  institutions\ud  had\ud  more\ud  psychopathological\ud  problems\ud  than  \udother\ud  subjects.\ud   Secondly,\ud   the\ud   participants\ud   with\ud   dual\ud   diagnosis\ud  suffered\ud   from\ud  psychopathological\ud   problems\ud   quite\ud  similar\ud  to\ud   those   \udcharacterizing\ud  participants\ud  with\ud  psychiatric\ud  problems,\ud  without,\ud  however,\ud  a complete\ud  overlap\ud of\ud problem\ud  type.\ud  Lastly,\ud  both\ud  social\ud  abilities  \udand\ud  abilities\ud associated\ud  with\ud  managing\ud  daily\ud  life\ud were\ud related\ud to\ud psychopathological\ud  problems

international journal on disability and human development

Intellectual disability and psychopathology: The influence of institutionalization and level of intellectual disability and the relation between psychopathological problems and social and functional abilities