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Nowadays, the world is facing critical situations such as fossil fuel decline and global warming due to the gradual increase in consumption and release of harmful gases from engines. Therefore, there has been a need for alternative fuels to improve the efficiency of compression ignition (CI) engines and reduce harmful pollutants. Mango seed methyl ester (MSME), obtained from mango seed oil waste through transesterification processes, was used as biodiesel. For best results, 20 % MSME is mixed with 80 % diesel. However, in this experiment, the nanoparticles zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene were used to improve the emission and vibration properties of MSME20 biodiesel. The results showed about 0.23 % less CO emissions from MSME20 with 100 ppm and 200 ppm ZnO blend than regular diesel. In addition, the graphene nanoparticles in MSME20 also reduced NO   x    emissions. At full load (100 %), very high NO   x    emissions of 1235 ppm were observed for the graphene mixture MSME20 at 200 ppm, about 6 % lower than MSME20. Better performance was recorded for the MSME20 100 ppm ZnO and MSME20 200 ppm graphene blends. All other blends, including MSME20, were found to have a higher vibration frequency than conventional diesel at a compression ratio (CR) of 18.

Influence of zinc oxide and graphene nanoparticles on diesel engine’s emission and vibration while fuelled with waste mango seed oil biodiesel