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Photocatalysis is an extraordinary and vastly researched topic; there is a need to find new ways to support producing composite materials that are cost-effective, efficient and have a low environmental impact. The investigation was undertaken on syn TiO 2  by depositing it on silica. The results elucidate the positive effect on photocatalysis activity and the macroscopic structure on which the TiO 2  is formed. For the analysis of photocatalyst, various characterisation measurements were undertaken, such as XRD, FTIR, DRS, FESEM, TEM, RS, and BET. The accumulated TiO 2  onto the surface of SiO 2  stabilised its transformation of the phase from anatase to rutile, resulting in decreased particle size and enhancing its photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation. The concentration of OH• radicals was determined using terephthalic acid as a probe molecule to determine its role in the photocatalytic degradation of antihistamine. The results of BET analysis showed that the syn TiO 2 -SiO 2  sample has a large specific surface area of 192.6 m 2  g −1 . Maximum degradation of cetirizine (about 97%) was achieved with 80% TiO 2 -20% SiO 2  (TS-4). Recyclability test confirmed that 80% TiO 2 -20% SiO 2  sample was stable up to six cycles.

Highly efficient photo-degradation of cetirizine antihistamine with TiO 2 -SiO 2 photocatalyst under ultraviolet irradiation