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Effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) temperature on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based K002 superalloy containing Hf element after long-term service were investigated using three different soaking temperatures during HIP. The degraded  γ ′ precipitates represented coarse and irregular morphology after long-term service. These  γ ′ precipitates still were of coarse and irregular shape, but the size and volume fraction of  γ ′ precipitates were markedly reduced under HIP condition of 1,190°C/200 MPa/4 h, indicating that the  γ ′ precipitates were experiencing a dissolution process. Meanwhile, the concentrically oriented N-type  γ ′ rafting structure around the cavities was formed. With HIP temperature increase to 1,220°C and 1,250°C, the small-sized, cubic and regular  γ ′ precipitates were re-precipitated, and the concentrically oriented  γ ′ structure vanished. The unstable morphology induced by the nucleation and growth of  γ  matrix was found near the creep cavities, indicating that the solute atoms diffused inward the creep-induced cavities during HIP. However, at HIP temperature of 1,220°C and 1,250°C, a large number of blocky MC (2) -type carbides containing amounts of Hf elements were precipitated, demonstrating that HIP treatment at higher temperatures can result in the formation of a large number of blocky MC (2) -type carbides.

Microstructural Changes of a Creep-Damaged Nickel-Based K002 Superalloy Containing Hf Element under Different HIP Temperatures