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Tuberculosis caused by  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  remains a serious threat to public health. The  M. tuberculosis  cell envelope is closely related to its virulence and drug resistance. Mycobacterial membrane large proteins (MmpL) are lipid-transporting proteins of the efflux pump resistance nodulation cell division (RND) superfamily with lipid substrate specificity and non-transport lipid function. Mycobacterial membrane small proteins (MmpS) are small regulatory proteins, and they are also responsible for some virulence-related effects as accessory proteins of MmpL. The MmpL transporters are the candidate targets for the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs. This article summarizes the structure, function, phylogenetics of  M. tuberculosis  MmpL/S proteins and their roles in host immune response, inhibitors and regulatory system.

Transport mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL/S family proteins and implications in pharmaceutical targeting