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Kallikrein 14 (KLK14) has been proposed as a useful prognostic marker in prostate cancer, with expression reported to be associated with tumour characteristics such as higher stage and Gleason score. KLK14 tumour expression has also shown the potential to predict prostate cancer patients at risk of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The  KLKs  are a remarkably hormone-responsive family of genes, although detailed studies of androgen regulation of KLK14 in prostate cancer have not been undertaken to date. Using  in vitro  studies, we have demonstrated that unlike many other prostatic  KLK  genes that are strictly androgen responsive,  KLK14  is more broadly expressed and inversely androgen regulated in prostate cancer cells. Given these results and evidence that KLK14 may play a role in prostate cancer prognosis, we also investigated whether common genetic variants in the  KLK14  locus are associated with risk and/or aggressiveness of prostate cancer in approximately 1200 prostate cancer cases and 1300 male controls. Of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms assessed, three were associated with higher Gleason score (≥7): rs17728459 and rs4802765, both located upstream of  KLK14 , and rs35287116, which encodes a p.Gln33Arg substitution in the KLK14 signal peptide region. Our findings provide further support for KLK14 as a marker of prognosis in prostate cancer.

biological chemistry

The  kallikrein 14  gene is down-regulated by androgen receptor signalling and harbours genetic variation that is associated with prostate tumour aggressiveness