English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The pyrolytic conversion of pine wood at mild temperatures between 200°C and 300°C was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on TEM imaging and image analysis, a novel method was developed for determining the local orientation of the cellulose microfibrils in the secondary wall S2 which gives a measure for the progression of pyrolytic conversion of the cell wall. Elemental composition of pyrolysed specimens was determined up to 600°C. TEM imaging together with the evaluation of the elemental composition shows that first the polyoses are degraded, while the cellulose microfibril orientation is still visible up to 225°C. The cellulose microfibrils could not be observed at temperatures higher than 250°C, while lignin containing compound middle lamella (CML) was still visible. After a gradual decrease of the CML up to 275°C, the cell wall became entirely isotropic beginning at 300°C. Based on the presented results, we propose an early degradation of the supramolecular structure of the cell wall.

Ultrastructural development of the softwood cell wall during pyrolysis