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A lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) fraction isolated from the residue of milled wood lignin extraction of birch was found to form self-aggregates in water. The aggregates had relatively strong hydrophobic domains, comparable to the hydrophobicity of 80% ethanol. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the aggregates were transformed into small particles by sonication with a number-average diameter of 43.7±9.6 nm, and were stable in water. The surface pressure (π)-surface area ( A ) profile showed that the LCC also formed a monolayer on the water surface. Based on these results, we suggest that the LCC is amphiphilic in nature, despite its insolubility in low-polarity organic solvents.

Amphiphilicity of a lignin-carbohydrate complex