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Single fibres of spruce ( Picea abies  [L.] Karst.) were isolated both chemically and mechanically from a solid wood sample. Mechanical isolation was carried out using very fine tweezers to peel out fibres, thereby taking advantage of the low shear strength between them. Chemical isolation was achieved using hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid. Fibres were examined with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy, and field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy (FE-ESEM) in low-Vacuum mode to compare the isolation techniques with respect to their influence on cell wall structure and polymer assembly. The chemical treatment led to degradation of lignin and hemicelluloses, significantly influencing the cell wall assembly and structure. The cell wall polymers of mechanically isolated fibres remained in their natural constitution. As expected, the peeling process caused separation of cell wall layers. Our examinations indicate that delamination predominately took place at the interface between the secondary cell wall and the compound middle lamella. However, fracture between the S1 and S2 layers was examined as well. With respect to fibre quality, it was of particular importance that transverse crack propagation in the secondary cell walls (S2) was not observed.

Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Part 1: Structural and chemical characterisation