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The occurrence of log-end cracks, due to the release of growth stress pre-existing in the standing tree, causes severe damage at the early stage of wood transformation. A mechanical model based on Griffith's theory for elastic-fragile materials has been developed to explain the observed patterns: a crack can only progress when the elastic energy release rate (G) exceeds the toughness (G c ) of the material for the given fracture mode and orientation. At each stage of the crack propagation, G was calculated using the finite-element method. The influence of various parameters related to the rigidity components, the initial growth stress field or the crack geometry has been investigated, based on a set of experimental data gathered on a population of Eucalyptus. In all cases the high G values just after crack initiation are followed by a marked decrease until the periphery has been reached. Their order of magnitude for a typical log is similar to G c  values measured independently on similar material, thus supporting the validity of the approach.

Modelling Log-End Cracks Due to Growth Stresses: Calculation of the Elastic Energy Release Rate