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In order to increase the curing rate of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin, different contents of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNFs) were blended into the PMDI. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine how the addition of L-CNFs influences the curing kinetics of PMDI resin. The activation energy ( E a  ) of the curing reaction of PMDI/L-CNF systems was calculated using the Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model-free methods. The results showed that  E a   values calculated by the aforementioned three methods varied in a similar trend with the increase in the L-CNF content. Adding L-CNFs could decrease the  E a   value of the curing reaction of PMDI and speed up the curing reaction. The acceleration of the cure rate of the PMDI resin upon the addition of L-CNFs may be attributable to the effective dispersion of the L-CNFs into the PMDI resin as well as the reaction between the hydroxyl (-OH) groups of the L-CNFs and the isocyanate (-NCO) groups of the PMDI.

Effect of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils on the curing kinetics of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin