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Heat treatment (HT) enhances various properties of wood (W), but it takes a relatively long time and W HT  is a source of fire hazard. To improve the properties of W HT ,  Populus beijingensis  W. Y. Hsu wood was impregnated with nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) fire retardant (10% aqueous solution) and the effects of the combined NP treatment and HT were observed. Control groups included native wood and samples from W HT200°C, 120 min  and W HT220°C, 120 min . The surface color, dimensional stability, and combustion properties of the treated samples were examined. NP pre-treatment intensified the effectivity of HT 150°C , where the treatment time decreased by 75%. The decomposition and catalytic dehydration of NP treatment enhanced the dimensional stability and darkened the wood surface. After HT, the NP fire retardant was transformed from dispersive particles into a uniform layer on the inner surfaces of wood. The heat release rate (HRR) decreased by 60.3% and the residual mass (RM) increased by 61.1% in W NP, HT  compared to normal W HT200°C  poplar.

Promotion effect of NP fire retardant pre-treatment on heat-treated poplar wood. Part 1: color generation, dimensional stability, and fire retardancy