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The dynamic water vapor sorption of untreated, acetylated (W ac ), and formaldehyde-treated (W FA ) Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris  L.) sapwood was studied in a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus to assess the effects of cell wall bulking and cross-linking. Both modifications resulted in a considerable reduction of reduced equilibrium moisture content (EMC R ), the corresponding equilibrium times, and hysteresis in the hydroscopic range of wood. Acetylation reduced the adsorption and desorption of water at each given relative humidity (RH) step from 0% to 95% RH, whereas formalization affected the sorption behavior of wood solely above 20% RH. From 20% to 95% RH, the EMC ratio of W FA  to its control steadily decreased, whereas the EMC ratio of W ac  was still constant in this RH range. Below 20% RH, the sorption behavior of W ac  was governed by hydroxyl blocking, whereas that of W FA  was hardly influenced compared with the control. Above 20% RH, the sorption behavior of W ac  was solely determined by cell wall bulking, whereas that of W FA  was governed by the increased matrix stiffness due to the cross-linking of cell wall polymers.

Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior of wood