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A fiber bundle composed of hollow fibrils is secreted from protoplasts of white birch ( Betula phatyphylla  Sukatcher var.  japonica  Kan No. 8) leaves callus and the secretion is more efficient in an acidic medium containing high concentration of Ca 2+ . The influence of the Ca 2+  concentration and pH has been investigated concerning the number of cells secreted. The secreted hollow fibers were very thin. The  13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the fibers are composed of linear (1→3)-β-glucan without branches (callose). The potential utilization of such unique callose fibers and their optimized production needs more investigation.

Secretion of a bundle of (1→3)-β-glucan hollow fibrils from protoplasts of callus suspension under a Ca 2+ -rich and acidic stressed condition