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Carduus acanthoides  L (spiny plumeless thistle) a biannual wild species with 2 n  = 22 chromosomes was crossed with  Helianthus annuus  L. When crossing, pollen from  C .  acanthoides  germinated and pollinated the stigmas of sunflower lines HA 89A after 48 h. The crossability rate was low, but seeds and hybrid plants were obtained. The F 1  plants strongly resembled the cultivated sunflower with the most important bio-morphological characters, even though they had an intermediate type of heritability. The hybrid nature was confirmed by RAPD markers. The polymorphism between  H .  annuus ,  C .  acanthoides , and their F 1  hybrids was studied using RAPD. The result showed introgression of  C .  acanthoides  in the hybrid progeny. It was established that the wild species carried  Rf  genes for the CMS PET-1. After self-pollination and sib-pollination of the F 1  plants and back-crossing with cultivated sunflower, F 2 , BC 1  and next generation hybrid progenies were obtained. The investigation encompassed the period 2000–2007 and 2014–2018. Some of the new lines have been included in a heterosis breeding program for developing hybrids for the sunflower market.

Intergeneric hybidization of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) with spiny plumeless thistle ( Carduus acanthoides L.)