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Habitat fragmentation and loss of landscape connectivity have resulted in the degradation of natural ecosystem services. Identifying international transboundary ecological network is an integrated approach to maintain regional ecological sustainability. In this study, taking Altai Mountains as a case study area, we suggested a set of procedures to construct an ecological network. First, we identified ecological patches by evaluating the values of the protected area. Second, we generated resistance surfaces based on the land cover characteristics. Third, we integrated habitat patches and resistance surfaces to identify potential corridors using the least-cost path analysis. The ecological network we introduced consists of 22 patches, 65 potential ecological corridors, and 5 stepping-stones. Furthermore, 26 ecological fragmentation points were marked. We proposed to carry out efficient and effective international cooperation between China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. In addition, the installation of road-crossing structures should be taken into consideration to minimize the negative impacts of the road-related disturbances.

Developing large-scale international ecological networks based on least-cost path analysis – a case study of Altai mountains