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Next-generation wireless networks will integrate multiple wireless access technologies and the users will access the network using one of several available radio access technologies. In this paper, we study the spectrum access problem in heterogeneous multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) networks through a game theoretic approach. The spectrum access problem in the considered system model is defined as joint network selection and discrete power control. We formulate the problem as a noncooperative game where the players are the multi-mode terminals and. The proposed common utility function takes both transmission rate and the power consumption into account. This game is shown to be a potential game which possess at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium (NE) and the optimal strategy profile which maximizes the total energy efficiency of the heterogeneous MIMO network constitutes a pure strategy NE of our proposed game. Furthermore, we prove that the price of anarchy of the proposed game is equal to 1. In order to achieve the pure strategy NE, we design an iterative spectrum access algorithm. The convergence and the complexity of our designed algorithm is discussed. It is shown that the designed algorithm can achieve optimal performance with low complexity.

Joint Network Selection and Discrete Power Control in Heterogeneous MIMO Networks: A Game Theoretical Approach