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In this paper, we study the effects of imperfect reference signal recovery on the bit error rate (BER) performance of dual-branch switch and stay combining receiver over Nakagami- m  fading/gamma shadowing channels with arbitrary parameters. The average BER of quaternary phase shift keying is evaluated under the assumption that the reference carrier signal is extracted from the received modulated signal. We compute numerical results illustrating simultaneous influence of average signal-to-noise ratio per bit, fading severity, shadowing, phase-locked loop bandwidth-bit duration ( B   L   T   b  ) product, and switching threshold on BER performance. The effects of  B   L   T   b   on receiver performance under different channel conditions are emphasized. Optimal switching threshold is determined which minimizes BER performance under given channel and receiver parameters.

Bit Error Rate Performance of Partially Coherent Dual-Branch SSC Receiver over Composite Fading Channels