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Polymeric microspheres were used to enhance sensitivity and selectivity in the detection of DNA point mutations with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. First, single-strand DNA probes were immobilized onto epoxy group derivatized gold surfaces and the hybridization of DNA targets was monitored. SPR response was small. The subsequent interaction with DNA-carrying microspheres enhanced the response due to a significant increase of mass bound to the targets. After this, the flow rate of the buffer solution was increased during dissociation. An increase in shear stress resulted in the detachment of DNA-carrying microspheres hybridized with mismatched pairs and so the increasing ability to discriminate the point mutation. The same effect was reached by an increasing viscosity of the buffer solution.

Enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity in surface plasmon resonance detection of a DNA point mutation by polymeric microspheres