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Polyamide 6 (PA6) and polystyrene (PS) nanotubes were successfully fabricated by polymer solution-wetting method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques were employed to investigate their crystallization phenomena. It has been found in HRTEM images that the crystalline lattice fringes are observed in some regions of the nanotube walls. XRD analysis showed that these two kinds of polymer nanotubes have a higher degree of crystallinity than that of the bulk materials. PA6 nanotubes dominate in γ phase while bulk PA6 present mainly in α phase. EELS has been used to determine the ratio of C=C and C-C in PS nanotubes, and our result is consistent with the theoretical calculation. HRTEM and EELS will shed light on the microstructural characterization of polymer nanotubes.

Application of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the characterization of polymer nanotubes