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Aristotle’s use of the term ‘ eironeia ’ in the  Nicomachean Ethics  ( NE ) appears to be inconsistent: first, he attributes the attitude termed ‘ eironeia ’ to the great-souled man ( megalopsychos ), who is defined by his virtuousness, then he classifies ‘ eironeia ’ as one of the two vices which are central to his account of the virtue of truthfulness. Modern attempts to explain and to solve the “riddle of the great-souled  eiron ” have not been satisfying. This paper argues that the riddle results from Aristotle trying to reconcile aristocratic values with democratic reality. In the process, some insight will be gained on the concept of the  megalopsychos  in general, on Aristotle’s notion of the virtue of truthfulness and on his depiction of Socrates. Finally, it is argued that Aristotle’s use of the notion of ‘ eironeia ’ in the  NE  bears some resemblance to the use of the notion of ‘irony’ in modern political theory.

The Riddle of the Great-souled eiron . Virtue, Deception and Democracy in the Nicomachean Ethics