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The book Beyond Cognitive Metaphor Theory. Perspectives on Literary Metaphors edited by Monika Fludernik is a collection of articles that enters a 30-year tradition of studies on metaphor triggered by Lakoff and Johnson’s Cognitive Metaphor Theory (henceforth CMT). The publication of Metaphors We Live By by Lakoff and Johnson in 1980 led to an exponential growth of interest in metaphor as an ubiquitous phenomenon in language, communication, and cognition (for a comprehensive review see Gibbs 2008). The main tenet of CMT is that concepts used in everyday speaking (e.g., love, life, war, etc.) are represented and understood through metaphorical processes. Metaphor is considered an integral part of human cognition, effortlessly accessible and used unconsciously and automatically by everyone. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) listed a number of conceptual metaphors that underlie the comprehension of metaphorical expressions. For example, the conceptual metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY makes it possible to understand metaphorical expressions like “Our marriage is on the rocks” or “We are at a crossroads” (Lakoff, Johnson 1980). Interestingly, not only conventional but also more creative metaphors like poetic metaphors are claimed to rely on the same conceptual tools (Lakoff, Turner 1989). For example, the conceptual metaphor cited above (LIFE IS A JOURNEY) is also responsible for the comprehension of poetic metaphors like “Life is but a walking shadow” (Shakespeare, Macbeth) or “In the middle of life’s road, I found myself in a dark wood” (Dante, Divine Comedy). Thus, poets are claimed to use the same tools as in everyday language but in original, more talented and skilful ways (Lakoff, Turner 1989). Despite the remarkable field guide on poetic metaphors by Lakoff and Turner, within the CMT approach attention has been mainly devoted to conventional metaphors rather than to creative ones. The book edited by Fludernik enters this scenario and tries to fill a clearly visible gap. The main purpose is to focus on the status of creative metaphor by suggesting some text readings and, at the same time, by proposing some insights on how to go ‘beyond’ CMT while addressing non-conventional metaphors. The book is divided into two parts. Part I consists of six essays (Chapters 16) and Part II of eight essays (Chapters 7-14). The volume starts with the “Introduction” by the editor and ends with brief bibliographical notes on all contributors. In the introductory chapter, Fludernik lays out the rationale of the volume. After drawing attention to an example of literary metaphor taken from Measure for Measure by Shakespeare, the editor introduces the key questions when studying literary metaphor from a cognitive perspective and proposes an approach combining literary criticism and CMT. Then, Fludernik guides the reader through the book by discussing the central thread of all contributions.

6. Fludernik, Monika, ed. 2011. Beyond cognitive metaphor theory: perspectives on literary metaphor