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Bubble formation in a square microchannel having a converging shape merging junction has been studied using the Coupled Level-Set and Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method. The influence of variations in merging junction angles, fluid properties, and operating conditions on the bubble length and pressure drop has been analyzed. The results show a direct relationship between surface tension, gas-liquid flow ratio, and the inverse relation of continuous phase viscosity with the bubble length. Moreover, opposite variations of these parameters are observed for pressure drop. This work reveals a discerning influence of the angle variations of merging junction on the interplay between inertial, viscous, and surface tension forces in the bubble formation mechanism. We envisage that this numerical work will be of significant interest for the process intensification in various industries that deal with gas-liquid microfluidic systems.

Insights into the bubble formation dynamics in converging shape microchannels using CLSVOF method