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The premises and propositions of the Newtonian-Cartesian model associ- ated with classical science determinism, linearity, reversibility, timeless- ness, equilibrium, etc. are applicable primarily to closed systems. Prigo- gine's theory of dissipative structures has affirmed that nonlinearity, irre- versibility, unpredictability, chaos and far-from-equilibrium conditions characterize interdependent open systems. Because closed systems are rare in nature, the linear findings of empirical studies tied to the presumptions of classical science face a potential challenge. The challenge to reduction- ism is dismantling the hierarchical order of natural science, social science, and humanities, thereby paving the way for a common epistemology. The field of communication stands to gain by emphasizing post-Parsonsian sys- tems thinking to explore the nonlinear dynamics of dissipative structures.

Thank you Newton, welcome Prigogine: Unthinking old paradigms and embracing new directions. Part 1: Theoretical distinctions