English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Mycobacterium leprae  is a bacterium that causes the disease  leprosy  (Hansen’s disease), which is a neglected tropical disease. More than 2,00,000 cases are being reported per year worldwide. This disease leads to a chronic stage known as  lepra reaction  that majorly causes nerve damage of the peripheral nervous system leading to loss of organs. The early detection of this  lepra reaction  through the level of bio-markers can prevent this reaction occurring and the further disabilities. Motivated by this, we frame a mathematical model considering the pathogenesis of leprosy and the chemical pathways involved in  lepra reactions . The model incorporates the dynamics of the susceptible Schwann cells, infected Schwann cells, and the bacterial load and the concentration levels of the bio-markersinterferon-γ\hspace{0.1em}\text{interferon-}\hspace{0.1em}\gamma,tumor necrosis factor-α\hspace{0.1em}\text{tumor necrosis factor-}\hspace{0.1em}\alpha,IL (interleukin)-10\hspace{0.1em}\text{IL (interleukin)-}\hspace{0.1em}10,IL-12\hspace{0.1em}\text{IL-}\hspace{0.1em}12,IL-15\hspace{0.1em}\text{IL-}\hspace{0.1em}15, andIL-17\hspace{0.1em}\text{IL-}\hspace{0.1em}17. We consider a nine-compartment optimal control problem considering the drugs used in multi drug therapy (MDT) as controls. We validate the model using 2D heat plots. We study the correlation between the bio-markers levels and drugs in MDT and propose an optimal drug regimen through these optimal control studies. We use the  Newton’s gradient method  for the optimal control studies.

A study of qualitative correlations between crucial bio-markers and the optimal drug regimen of Type I lepra reaction: A deterministic approach