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The variability of subject expression has been extensively investigated across languages. We present a large-scale multivariate statistical analysis of the choice of subject expression in the 1st person singular in spontaneous Finnish conversation, with a focus on the choice between pronominal and zero subject. Spoken Finnish represents an interesting case, as the dominant type of subject expression is double marking, i. e. the combination of a pronominal subject marker (subject pronoun) and a verbal subject marker (person marking). Siewierska (1999, From anaphoric pronoun to grammatical agreement marker: Why objects don’t make it.  Folia Linguistica  33(2). 225–251) notes that this type of marking is typologically rare. Our findings indicate that the choice of subject expression is affected by both constructional and cognitive/discourse factors, and that an important role in the choice of subject expression is played by the sequential structure of the conversation.

Choosing between zero and pronominal subject: modeling subject expression in the 1st person singular in Finnish conversation