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This paper examines an under-researched phenomenon of mock impoliteness in Chinese online interaction, namely, the practice of  hudui  (lit. reciprocal jocular abuse) as a solidarity enhancing device among acquaintances. Drawing on data from Qzone interaction among Chinese university students, this study focuses on ritual features, sequential patterns and interpersonal functions of  hudui  through the lens of  Kádár’s (2013 ,  2017 ) interpersonal ritual theory. The results show that  hudui  is co-constructed by the online participants with the symmetric pattern of mutual abuse, which distinguishes it from previous studies of jocular abuse (i.e., the asymmetric pattern of abuser– recipient). They also reveal that  hudui  accomplishes various kinds of relational work, including fostering intimacy, enhancing mutual affection-based face and creating amusement.

Mock Impoliteness and Co-Construction of Hudui Rituals in Chinese Online Interaction