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Based on the Asian Corpus of English (ACE) and the British National English (BNC), I investigated the features of discourse marker (DM)  so  in English as lingua franca (ELF) by comparing it with its use in native speech. I first calculated the frequency of  so  in ACE and BNC. Then, taking  Buysse’s (2012)  meta-functional theory of DM  so  as framework, I comprehensively analyzed the functions of  so  in ELF and native speech. The results show that Asian ELF speakers utter more tokens of  so  than native speakers, especially in the scopes of “marking results”, “marking conclusion,” “holding the floor,” “marking summary,” “opening new section of discourse,” and “shift-back and elaboration.” The study implies that in English teaching and learning, ELF should not be treated as an undeveloped language and that the teaching of discourse markers should focus more on the pragmatic functions than on semantic meaning in the narrow sense.

Functions of So in English as a Lingua Franca and Native Speech: A Corpus-Based Study