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The present research work investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of essential oils from the leaves of  Mentha rotundifolia  var. apodysa Briq. (EOR). Hydro-distillation was used to extract EOR before being subjected to the chemical characterization by the use of GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the use of three bioassays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Antimicrobial potency was tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria namely  Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae ,  Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii,  and  Klebsiella pneumonia , while antifungal activity was tested against  Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus,  and  Fusarium oxysporum . EOR yield was determined to be 1.31%, with 20 compounds wherein Menthol (31.28%) and Isomenthol (14.28%) constituted the greatest amount. Regarding antioxidant activity, EOR exhibited potent antioxidant power: DPPH (IC 50  value of 0.36 ± 0.03 mg/mL), FRAP (EC 50  value of 0.35 ± 0.03 mg/mL), and TAC (697.45 ± 1.07 mg EAA/g). Antibacterial activity results showed that EOR had broad antibacterial activity on the tested strains. Eventually, EOR resulted in the greatest inhibition zone diameters vs  S. aureus  (18.20 ± 0.41 mm) followed by  E. coli  (17.02 ± 0.5 mm). Antifungal activity results showed that EOR exhibited potent antifungal activity and resulted in the greatest inhibition zone diameters up to 51.32 ± 1.32 mm against  Aspergillus flavus , and 34.51 ± 1.07 mm against  Aspergillus niger.

open chemistry

Identification of volatile compounds and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties against drug-resistant microbes of essential oils from the leaves of  Mentha rotundifolia  var. apodysa Briq. (Lamiaceae)