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Citrullus colocynthis  (L.) Schrad ( C. colocynthis)  called colocynth is a wild species that belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. The present research work aimed to study the phytochemical composition, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of  C. colocynthis  seed extract. The chemical characterization of  C. colocynthis  seeds was effectuated using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cytotoxic activity of  C. colocynthis  seed extract against breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) was assessed using the WST-1 bioassay. The antioxidant power was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The phytochemical characterization of  C. colocynthis  seed extract showed the richness of  C. colocynthis  seed extract in several families of bioactive compounds. Regarding the cytotoxic activity, the IC 50  (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of  C. colocynthis  seed extract in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 were 170.34 and 132.31 µg/mL, respectively. The cancerous cell lines MDA-MB-231 seem to be more sensitive to  C. colocynthis  seed extract than HT-29 cell lines.  C. colocynthis  seed extract exhibited a strong antioxidant power with an IC 50  value of 1.37 mg/mL. Insight into the results obtained,  C. colocynthis  seed extract may be used as a promising weapon to fight against cancer and free radicals’ damage.

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: Chemical characterization, scavenging and cytotoxic activities