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This study investigates the potential of  N -octyl chitosan derivatives, namely  N -octyl- O -sulfate chitosan (NOOSC),  N -octyl- N -succinyl chitosan (NONSC) and  N -octyl- O -glycol chitosan (NOOGC) as amphiphilic carrier agents for atrazine in water-insoluble herbicide formulations. The  N -octyl chitosan derivatives were characterised using several analytical instruments such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, CHNS-O Elemental Analyser (CHNS-O), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fluorescence Spectrometer. The encapsulation of atrazine by  N -octyl chitosan derivatives was studied using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The FTIR spectra of  N -octyl chitosan derivatives confirmed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on chitosan backbone. TEM images revealed that  N -octyl chitosan derivatives have formed self-aggregates with a spherical shape. The CMC values for  N -octyl chitosan derivatives were between 0.06 and 0.09 mg/mL. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) values for amphiphilic chitosan were greater than 90%. The release profiles showed different release behaviour of pure herbicide in solution as compared to atrazine-loaded  N -octyl chitosan derivatives. Results suggest that the chitosan derivatives offer promising characteristics that enable them to act as effective carrier agents for atrazine. In conclusion, the application of  N -octyl chitosan derivatives could reduce the use of organic solvents in herbicide formulations by 37.5%.

N -octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations