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A major subject of urban archaeology is the study of ancient structures and building materials. Surveys and excavations of ancient buildings often produce a large quantity of building materials. Major clay building materials of the Western Han include bricks, flat-roof tiles (banwa 板瓦), semi-circular roof tiles (tongwa 筒瓦), and the circular end of eavetiles (wadang 瓦当). Collectors and researchers often pay attention to the beautifully ornamented eave-tiles, leaving the flat and semi-circular roof tiles unstudied. This paper will focus on semi-circular roof tiles unearthed from the Xi’an area in the past, including those found in the remains of the Guigong (Sweet Osmanthus Palace), the southern kilns (Y31–Y41) of the Beigong (Northern Palace), the kilns found near Shijiazhai Elementary School (Y49 and Y50), the West Market kilns (Y1–Y30, Y42–Y48), and a building foundation at the southwest corner of the Han dynasty city walls of Chang’an. Semi-circular roof tiles found at the Duling Mausoleum of Emperor Xuandi (91–41 BCE) are also included in this study.

A Preliminary Study of Semi-circular Roof Tiles of the Western Han